Gas-engine.



Patented July 5, 1910.

10 SHEETS-SHEET l.

A. G. PACE. GAS ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED AUG.14, 1899.

A. G. PAGE.

GAS ENGINE.

o E A G. 4, e9 I APPLIQATI N m. D U 1 1 9 Patented July 5 191,0. l' I l1o SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Witnesses.

A. G. PAGE.

GAS ENGINE. APPLIUA'TION FILED AUG.14,-1899.

963,243, Patented July 5, 1910.

10 SHEETS--SH-EET 3.

ms ummm "um u Q A u mlxumu Q 0o *"m mum @om z' Witnesses.' Inventor@ Jugwzw /ece.

y kal? affiora@ A A. G. PAGE. GAS ENGINE. APPLIGATIONHLED AUG.14. 1899.

Patented July 5, 1910.

10l SHEETS-SHEBT 4.

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AVG. PAGE. Y GAS ENGINE.`

1o snEnTssHnET s,

- /AIPLOATION FILED AUG. 14, 1899..

liz ven/$011' ujusus G P 0 e ,Bj fuis Patented Jul A. G. PACE. GAS ENGINE. APPLIOATION FILED AUG.14, 1899.

Patented July 5, 1910.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

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` Winesses.

A.' G. PACE. GAS ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 14, 1899.

Patented .n11y5,1910.I

1o sums-snm 7.

Fyl 4133 vA. G. PAGE.

GAS ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED AUG-14, 1899.

Patented Jl'lly 5,1910.

Y fXPLIos/o/v Aw G. PAGE,

GASVENGINE. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 14, 1 899.

'Patented July 5,1910.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

ln man fait Y f E ryan S Wifn es@ e5.

Bj fills lter- Iig A. G. PAGE.

GAS ENGINE.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG.14, 1899.

Patented July 5, 1910.

10 SHEETS-SHEET l0.

EXPL 0670A/ Wit@ eezs: In @en for.' MW .Jugwew 6? Pace.

` in such manner that the pressure Vof the air .ing especially designed for use asta prothe pistons, during the ordinary running 'arr , e se AUGUSTUS e. PACE, or NEW YonKfN. Y#

GAS-ENGINE.

Application tiled August 14 To all whom. 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, AUGUSTUS Gr.' PAoE,`a citizen oi' the `United States, residing in New York, in the county of New Yorkand State' of New York, have invented certain new and useful .Improvements in, Gas -Engines, oi' which the followinfr is a specification.

This invention relates to engines, and more particularly to that class thereof known as gas-enginesf the presentl improvement becycle, -will be operated at onejperiodby the action of an explosive material, andat another period by the action of an independent inaterial such, for instance, as air.

A` further object of the invention is to provide an improved engine comprising a plurality -of piston-cylinders, and an air-` chamber communicating with thec'ylinders admitted thereto will be'simultaneously exerted at one end of one cylinder and at the-.- opposite end vof another cylinder.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved organization comprising one' or more sets of piston-cylinders; a combustion-chamber communicating with each set of cylinders in such manner that the pressure of the explosive material will be simultaneously exerted at one end of one cylinder and at the opposite end of another cylinder; and an air-chamber., also communicating with each set of said cylinders in such man. ner that the pressure of air admitted thereto will be simultaneously exerted at one end of one cylinder and at the opposite end. of another cylinder, combined with mechanism effective. to control the admission and exhaust of air to and from' said air-chamber' and the admission of combustible material to the combristicii-chamber and the. exhaust oi the products of combustion therefrom.

A `further object of the invention 'is to Specication'of Letters Patent.

tional view, taken in line a--a, Fi

ing toward the ri ht, such View being developed as thought e ,sectional line a/-a was.

Patented .iuiy' 5, 191e'.

, 1,899. semi No. 72573176.

' providean improved organization of mechanisms involvingv combustion mechanism and air-controlling mechanism, and in which organization atmospheric air is drawn into the apparatus and compressed and then expanded bythe exhaust products of combustion, such expanded air then bein utilized to operate the pistons', whereby by the use of such exhaust products ofl combustion the com lressed air will be increased in volume an pressure, While at thersame time such exhaust products are utilized, thus ef-l controlling -fecting a material economy in the Working y of the engine.

Another lobject of the inventionA is to so organize the mechanisms of an engine of this character than when the compressed and heated-airis admitted to the piston-cylinders from the air-chamber such cylinders will be `in a highly-heated condition, due to the explosion which has just previously occurred,

so that the compressed .and heated air will again beincreased in eiiciency by such heated cylinders..

As a preface to a further description of this improved engine I desire to state that the same is shown herein as a horizontal engine, whereby it canv be more effectively secured in position in connection with the running-gear 'of a vehicle, although it will be understood that it may be used as an upright-engine, :if desired, the present engine `being in some respects an improvement over the engine shown and described in my Contemporaneously-pending application, Se-

rial No. 681,506, filed May 23, 1898, which has eventuated in reissue dated September 26, 1899.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this speciiication, Figure 1 is a plan view of one form of this improved engine, a part thereof being shown in section, a part of the casing being broken away', a part of the piston mechanism in dotted lines, and with the storage and heating-tank apparatus, shown at the right in Fig. 2, removed.v Fig. 2 is a view of that side of the engine shown at the bottom of Patent Nq. 11,775',

Fig: 1. Fig. 3 is a view o-that end of ,the

engine shown at the right-hand in Fig. 2, `with the'air-storage and heating-tank apparatus removed. Fig. 4 is an enlarged secg. 3, look- Ti o 4Iing.inechanisi'ns detached..

5. Figs, f?, 8, 9, 10,;111, 12, and 13 are detail,

'views of 'tliejcain mechanism 'ior controlling theoperation ofthe air niecl-ianisni. Figs. 14, 15,516,and 17 are'sectional views, taken inl lirico-4b, Fig.'3,;looltin f"toward the right, and illustrate'. ajcycl oiE operation l of one pair of v.the pistons," as', for instance', vpistons, numbered 341ml et,;the illustration ,particularly representingthe operation of .piston Nb. 3, (see Figs.. 1aiid'3,) such views beingdevelo ed as though said section-line "Zf-bwas laid out flat; Fig."- 18- is a diagrammatic View v-i'llustratiiigthe cycle oft.'y operation of the Vpiston shown in 4said Figs: 14, 15, 16, and v17, 'and therefore opistons Nos. 3f and 4." Fig'.v 19is a' diagrammatic viewof thecycle of operation of theopposite 'pair ot pistons, and therefore of pistons Nos. l and 2, which cycle of operation takes lacelsiinnltaneonsly with the cycle shown in Fig..18;f Figs. 20, 21, 22, and QSare seo tional'views similar to Figs. '14, 15, 16, and

ing 'toward the right, and illustrateV a cycle of operation of one pair of the pistons, as, for instance', pistons numbered Band 4, and particularly illustrateythe,operation ot' pis-` b ton No. 3, during the utilization of the air 351 mechanism inthe starting of the engine Stich views being developed asthougli sait -sectioirliney b.-'-bwas .laid outflat. Fig. 24 is.y a diagrammatic View illustrating the cycle 'oi operation shown inFig's. 20, 21, 22, and 23, aiidtlierefore ofthe pair'oi pistons numbered 3 and li, jduring the starting operation of the engine; and lig.- 25 is a diagram- 'n'iatic view`illtistrating the c cle of operatioi'iof the' opposite pair o 1 pistons, and therefore of pistons numbered 1 and 2, durving'glsnch starting operation, such c. cle taking `,place simultaneously with t e cycle 4shown inFig.\ Q4.

f, Similar characters of reference designate like parts vin all the figures ofthe drawings. I ,desiie to state that the organization herein shown and described may be more or less varied Awithout departure from the speof the invention,"whi,ch comprises in a general way va plurality of pistons' in operative connection with'a combustion mechanism and an air mechanismand so organized .thatpthe force which operates at one side of one of the pistons simultaneously operates at theA other side of another stun, so that said pistons are siniultaneou.elly1 operativein opposite directions, each under a torce equal to the force exerted on its companion piston, and that whatever organization accomplishes this result and presents an organization in which the cylinders have an air sta rting mechanism and a combustion inechanism in connection therewith, or an organization in which the cylinders have an air niecl'nlnisni for --assisting the combustion mechanism inthe rnnningof the engine, is

considered within the scope of this-invention. For the pu'rpose of facilitating a complete understanding of the present apparatus it is desired that-it be kept in mind that in the present-instance the organization presents a'series of 'lonrpistoncylinders assembled in sets of two, each set aving in coinrmunication therewith a combustion-chamber vand an 'air-chamber, and that while all fourv piston-cylinders are in operation simultaneously, nevertheless, each set of said cylinders is operative independently of the other set; and in the present instance'while one set of said cylinders .is .working lthe other set is running idle-that`is to say, while one set of saidA pistons is running y means oi' an lexplosion or lay-compressed air, the other set is not'iniparting any movement to the engine, although it' is performing certain the air is always etiectiveat one side ot one piston and the; opposite side ofthe coinpanion piston, while'the combustible material is'always effective at the opposite side of said first piston 'and the other side of said companion piston. ln other Words, the air is re always effective on 'the opposite side of the saine piston. v

This improved gas-engine comprises in the .preferred forni thereof, `(herein shown and escribed,) a plurality of piston-cylinders, (shown herein as onr in nii'niher and assem-y 'bled in sets of tWo,) each of which cylinders has a iston working therein; a plurality of com risticii-chambers, (shown herein as two in numberone in -coninninication with each set of sai cylinders, so that on an ex* plosion in each combustion-chamberthel explosive gases will pass simultaneously into each o said cylinderslsaid combustionchambers having induction and eduction passages oir-ports to permit the infiow and outflow of fresh and spent combustible' material, respectively,'the induction and exhaust thereof being eii'ected in the present instanceby means of the pistons; means in communication with the combustion-chamective always on the same side ot the piston', while the combustible material is u herein as two in number,) one in communication with each set'of said piston-cylinders, whereby Vcompressed air-Will pass simultanei ous'ly into each of said cylinders, said airmunication with the -for attachment to a gear-as, forlnstance, the rear axle of a ve- I whichthe head -mja cham-bers having a plurality of induction-l ports Vand passages, one 'for the admission of atmospherei-c air 'and the exhaust ,at one predetermined time of compressed air heated, anothei` forthel-passage of such atmospheric air, and'at one time the/passage of the compressed air heated'into the main storage-tank, and .anotherfor the admission of such compressed 'air heated; aftank apparatus in communication with the air-chambers, such apparatus comprising a vst ra'ge tank andv a .heating-tank, the latterin. comwhereby `the,exhaust-products of ycom-bus- -tion may be utilized for the heatingfof com- ,pressed air to thereby 'ei'ective; means :for controlling the air apparatus so as to render the same self-starting by the utilization of the airgand means for reversing said. engine.

I the present instance the engine i shown com/prising a lseries offour pistoncylinders 1',2,'3, and 4, assembled in sets, as l-2 and 3-'4:, and' these cylinders are shown formed' in a casing 5, whichA constitute'sthe framework of the engine and is adapted to inclose the pistons and u pistoncranks; and in the present apparatus this casing is p ovided Withapair ofclamps 6 part ofthe runninghicle, such axle carrying Va gear'to mesh with the gear hereinafter mentioned.l This casor lopenings 7 or the passage of air to the interior there-4 lnv is provided withair-holes of, and is also provided. with'removable plates 8 so that the various parts of the engine can be readily assembled or inspected.

Disposed in these cylinders are p lstonsrl, 2, 3, and 4, one in each cylinder, the rods l", 2, 3-, and 4"" of which are suitably'connected with a driving-shaft 9, having crankdisks suitably u casing, land which shaft carries a gear 10, adapted to mesh with thefgear carried on the vehicle-axle, whereby onl the operation of the pistons 'the axle lwill be rotated, and thereby 'the wheels ofthe vehicle, to drive. the same. A

Each piston or air-tight connection` withw'the `wal-ls' of its piston-cylinder, .and each` piston-rod, to Y be secured in any suit-- able manneras` y la'vthreaded connection-projects through ya suitable "stuiling-l box 13, one "member, as '14 of each piston-rod' journal 15, projecting. at eac y"side thereof, while the other member,

being rovided with a combustion-chamber,

render the same morel supported in bearings of the piston head is" suitably f provided with ,packing-rings112 to form an ing 17, having al removable cap -18 for the reception of said journal. Each rod is provided with a projecting guideor shoe.- 19, in engagement with guideways 20, carried lby the 'casing or framework, whereby the pistons-are properly guided in their recipro- -catory movements. I istonn-rod which is secured to the piston-l e'ad, together with its journal 15, is apertured o r formed hollow, wherebyaconduit is. for-med communicati -g vwith the interior'4 'of the casing and a'. chamber 21, formed in 3 0 the piston-head. Thischamber isin com'- munication with the piston-cylinder by a valve-controlledpport 22..

Disposed in Veach'of the pistons or pistonheads is a valve 23, eife'ct-ive at a predeter- 85 mined periodjto ,permitthepassage of -air from the-interior ofthe casing, -into which it has beenadmitted through'the openings 7 thereof, through'the hollow piston-rod into the piston-cylinder, proper period it .is compressed into the storage-tank. i Located inposition tov communicate with the 'piston-:cylindersn- (and herein shown ormedjwithin the casing) is a plurality of`95 air-chambers, (shown in -the present instance 4as'two -1n number, .Q5-'and 26,) one for each set lof 7piston-c'ylinders jEach of these airchambersl communicates with one of the cylinders of one set 'adjacent to one end 1700i t ereof by a passage fa, and with the other cylinder of the same setadjacent to the other end thereof by a passage b, 'so that the effective action ofthe air will take place simultaneously at one side ofone piston' and at 105 the opposite' side of' its companionjpiston.

Located in position (and. shown herein as vformed within 4the casing) isa plurality of combustion-chambers in communication with said cylinders,'su'ch combustion-chambers in 110 the presentinstance comprising two chainbers 29 and 30, one in communication with each set of cylinders adjacent 'to one end of one cylinder by a passage c, andthe opposite Y end'o'f the other cylinder by a passage al, so 1l 5 t that the effective .actionof vferial will take place simultaneously at one `side of one piston and at' vof 'its companion piston.l vstance theorganization is lchamber lcommunicates with [one end of one the yexplosive 'mathe opposite. side In the present incylinder, while lthe combustionchamber communicateswith the opposite end of the same cylinder, so thatvrin operation the air .will always be effective at'the same sides of 125,'

thelpistons, while'the combustible material wi11-;always be eifectiveua't the opposite sides of such! pistons-[that is 'tof say, vthe air.l will -be efectlve at one sideof one Apiston and the opposite sideof its "companion piston, 4

That member of the 751.

from whence at the such that the ,air-

While the'ex'plosive materiaiwill be effective` stons oppositemto those' at the sides of said acted upon by. the air. f

vair-storage vtank 35, havinga Water-reser- -voir 36, around Which an air-compartment 37 is formed. This airstorage tank `coinmunicates v4loya suitable conduit 38,- including -a lbranch 39,'With apai-r'ofyalve-casings- 42, (shown in. the present instance formed'on the ends ofthe airlchambe'rs 25 and 26,) asuitable- V'alye '41, havinga stem 33, carrying ajsp'ring 34,` being located in each of saidyalVe-casings 'for controlling the admission of atmospheric airfunderpres- `lsure to the fstorageff tank..` Thisv vfalye-'fis forced open at'the proper time by' the'action of the-pistonsin -coinpressingfthe atmospheric airIjInl communication 'with this 'storage-tank by"a.fsuitab1e conduit 40 is'an air-heatingtank or reserVoir43, Whichin turn j communicates, by a. suitable" conduit 44' and .its-branch 45, with -a -pair ofV valve- -ca'sings 452, (shown herein formed lat the "sidesofthe air-chambers.) Inf. .these casings are. disposed spring-actuated Valves 51 for `controlling the admission of heated air 'I tothe air-chambers; Iny the conduit40, in-

"ternfie'diate the storageQtank and thejheating-v tank, is disposed a checkyalve 47 operative to prevent .theibackward flow of the air after force its way-into the heating-tank, where air yfrom the storagetank.4 This heating-- lit. passes fromthe storage-tank, In the saine conduit there-is also located a regulator-Valve 48, oplcrative by "hand yor other.

lWise to cnt off t esupply-ofair from the vstorage-tank to the heater, whereby on the opening of this valve the air vfrom the storage-tank, and Whichis upderpressurewill it'is heated in the manner hereinafter set forth, after Which-it passes through the con Vduits 44 and-, .45' 'into the airchambers when .the Valves are open. l Whenit is desired tov stopjthe engine, this regulator-valve 1s operated. to" cut od the supply vof compressedtank 43 is in Communication, by a suitab vhaust, Wherebywhen the 'products of com-" bustion are forced out-'byfthepistons they conduit 49 and its branch 50, withthe com 4bustion-chambers. 29 Land-3.0, by meansof valve-casings 62, show-ii herein formed at one side of the com ustion-chambers,) which carry suitable'val'v'es 61,'cjontrolling" the ex- 'passthrough the branch 50 and conduit .49

f into the heating-'tank 43, Where such exhaust products are-utilized to heat the compressed.

' air from thestora eftank, thereby 'increas ving its efficiency be ,60

Suitably 'connected with". the engine is ally-operating these Valves 7 1 "at the proper addition tothat-fobtained through the .holl low Vpiston-rod, each air-chamber is shown provided'- at one side thereof With'a Valvecasing 72, carrying a valve 7l for controlling the admission of Vsuch air,.and which `valve-oasings are in communication, by` con` duits .53, with a perforated air-box 54,v

whereby' at lthe proper predetermined period` air'gis admitted' to the air-chamber and simultaneously with its admission thereto through the piston-rod, such air, in the furtherl operation of the pistons, being yforced out past .the valve4 41 into the storage- In the present instance each Valve 7 -l l1s :shown mechanically operative at one perod tocontrol lthe exhaust-of air, and operative .by suction at another'periodto control the. admission .ofatmospheric air, and forvthis purpose the 'Valve-stein 59 of said valve carries a spring 60, `disposed intermediate a 135 stop, :such as Ian adjustable nut '63, carried on said stein and the outer Wall of the Valvecasing72, such spring acting-tovinaintain the' lValve on'its seat and so cut oit 4the passage of atmospheric air tothe air-chamber, While it permits the opening'of the valve at onel periodby the suction created by the pistons and allows the'drawing in of vsuch atmos. pheric air'.v Forthepurpose of mechanictime to permitthe exhaust of compressed performed its Work, suitable means is-provided. Inj the form shownl this means,-

Whichis in duplicate, (one for `each of said valves 71,) so that a description of one will be sucient, com rises a rocking-lever .64, carried by asuita le bracket 65', secured to 4air heated fromthe air-chambers after it has .y

the'cylnder-casing, vjoue-arm, 64,', `of lsaid lever. engaging the va1ve-stem 59, and the'` otherarm, 64 thereof carrying a` roll 6d` in engagement ,'Withacani 67, mounted on a cam-shaft 68, carrying at one end thereof'a bevel-gear 69, in vi'neshWith a bevel-gear 70,

carried on a stub-shaft 73,' which 'stub-shaft. carries a gear 74, in meshwith a pinion 7.5i on the main driving-shaft 9, so that on the operation `of the pistons the driving-shaft 9 is rotated to rotate. .this camshaft/68, through the medium of 'the gearingand thereby 'the cam 67, whereupon at one pre-1 determined period in the cycle of operation the rocking-lever 64 is operatedto force vthe valVe-stein,' and .thereby thev Valve 7].,zingA .wardly against the 'action of itsspring, (see i Fig.` 15,) l e heated jair from the air-chamber'. l

For Vsupplying combustible materialyt'o vthe combustion-chambers to permit the saine to be'ignited and have the explosive vgases -thereof operate Vthe pistons, some suitable and permitl the exhaust off-the' means may be provided. VIn' the present instance this means is shown as a carbureter 55, which'A may, if. desired, vbe substantiallysimilar in consti'uction to thatdescribed in.

. myprior' application, Serial No. 681,506,

'filed May'23, 1898, and to Which-application reference may be had for amore particular desoription'thereof, since this carbureter in 'itself constitutes no inventive part; vof the presentl improvement.

This carbureter hasl 1n communicatlon'A therewlth an oilsupply conduit 56,'leadin`gfrom some snitable source of-oil-su ply, andl communicates.

'by a pairvof-condu-its 57 with the combus V tion-chambers, 'such communication being controlled by 'valves 81,' carried in casings 82, "(shown herein 4formed at the ends of said combustion-chambers 29 and `30,) and .which Avalves are opened-at the proper-time by ,suction yto admit the combustible ma?y te'rial. Each combustion-chamber is provided with a suitablej igniting. device .58, lwhich maybe an electric-sparking'mechanism, if desired. Y Il or controlling-,the exhaust,- of the --products of combustion suitable valve mechanism isprovided, and since in thepresent structure this. is lin duplicate a description of one mechanism is ldeemed- .suiiicie'nt exhaust-valve 61- has-its stem '76,v .carrying a. spring 7 7, located intermediate the outer end i l ofthe valve-casing 62 and a stop, .comprising, for instance, a pair of nuts 78 and78,

'one -actingias a check-nut, turned onthe end of such stem, such'-springmaintaining the -v'valve von its seat. Carried by .the bracket isa suitable rocking-leverv 78C', one memucts of combustion.

For controlling 'the admission of compressed-air heated' from ,thezheating-tank 43 to the .air-chambers 25 'and 26' valve mechanism substantially similar to that justdescribed is provided. lIn the present instance each of the valve-stems 83 'of the valves 51 is providedjwith a spring 84, located intermediate .the outer. endof the valve-casing 52`and' a 4collar '85, mounted on said stem and effective to'maintain ,the valve vopen to thereby .permit the passage lofthe compressed-air heated 'from the heating-tank' to the air#chamber. For maintainingeach -the passage off suchlompressed heated air, a rocking-lever "86 is .shown mounted on the -bracketp -65, one vmember, 8 6 ,of said lever. being provided withaorkedend in engages l A ment with'tlie collar 8,5*of said valve-stem, vv-hilfe the-.lother-lmember, 86, thereof Vcarries a `-roll- 87, in engagementwit-h acomj.

'51,) comprises a fixed cam 91, secured to the The i pound or two-.part cam 90, mounted on the 'cam-shaft 68. This two-part camis so constructed and assembled that the valve will be moved away from itsseat by the spring to permit the passage of compressed air heated once during the ordinary running cycle and twiceduring the starting cycle. This cam mechanism, which is in duplicate, (one in operative connection with each'valve cam-shaft 68 androtatable.` therewith, and a movable vcam 92, moiinted on saidshaft for rotation therewith and for movement -independently thereof. `This movable cam 92 isprovided with a sleeve .93, having a curved Slot Aorlgroove 941. VMounted on this cam-sleeve 93 1s a reciproeatory member or vsleeve 95, carrying a projection 96, extendlngl into and movable, on the reciprocatlon of said sleeve l95, in a'slot 97, formed in and extending longitudinally of said shaft 68,

such projection 96 carrying a roll 98, in engagement with the curved groove 94 of the cam-sleeve, whereby it will be seen that as the reciprocatory sleeve 95. is shifted inwardly,` for i-nstance from ythe position shown in Fig. the roll 98, thereof will effect, by means of the :curved groove .94, a rotary movement of said cam-sleeve 93, thereby to rotate the cam member 92 into the desired position. These cainmembers are so formed that. when in one position (Fig. 9) they Will have'a pair of depressed surfaces 100 and 101,- while in another position (Fig. 8)' they Will have but one de'- 100 pressed surface, l 101.

In the present instance this is accomplishedby forming each of said cam members 91 and 92 Wit-ha pair of raised surfaces 102-#108 and 10i- 105,

respectively, and a pair' of depressed sur- 105 faces 102"-103 ,and 104-105, respectively, and so assembling the same that in'y the ordinary running cycle of the engine the raisedsurfaces 104 and 105 of the cam 92 ,willbe contiguous to and form continua- 110 tions of the raised surfaces 102 and 103 of the cam 91, thereby forming a continuous raised surfaoe(F1g. 8) having one de-v pressed portion 101. On the adjustment of the movable cam 92 in the direct-ion of the 115 arrow from the position shown in Fig. 8

4to the -positionshownin Fig. 9 it will be seen that the raised surfaces 101'and 105 of said movable cam have been so adjusted relatively to the raised surfaces 102 and 103 120 of the Xed cam 91 that a pair of depressed surfaces 100 and 101 are formed. By this construction-when the cam members are in the vposition shown in Fig. 8 the roll 87, carried bythe rocking-lever 8G, will be for a 1.25,'

certain period inengagement with the continuous raised surface of the cam, whereby the .val-ve V514 will be maintained 'closed against the action'of its spring 84 to prevent'thepassage'ofcompressed air heated 11.30(

to the air-chamber. When'the cam Sf.cal:' ried into position Withjits depressedsurface 101' contiguoustothe roll87, the Valvespring 84 will operate to forcetheroll into such depression 101" i andv Vthereby permit' the openingof the va ve and the passage of compressed air heated into the air-chamber. lVhen, hovvevemthe Amovable cam"member.`

92, has beenshifted'relatively-to the fixed cam member 91`so that a airofdepressed V surfaces .100"and 101 are ormed',`(F1g.-^9,)`

it will be seen that eachtime one of suchr depressed surfaces is contiguous tothev roll 87 the valve-spring 84, will act to -force the;

roll into such depression and openthe valve to permit the'- passage of compressed an' heated to the'air-chamber,l This .latter"a c.

' vtion, however, lisl only necessary in the starting of the engine inthe manner'hereinafter described.

vSome suitable means may be provided for shifting the sleeve @95, and therebyI the two# part `cam fmember 90, and Will' ordinarilyvv will bemoved into position to permit one or the other of the vvalves ll'immediately to open and permit the passage` ofcornpressed air heated into theair-chamber to startthe engine. p A

For effecting a reversalfo'f the'engine, when it is desired to reverse the vehicle, suitable means may be provided, 4 (shown in duplicate and inconnection lWith each ca1nshai2`t168). 'In the present instance each cam-shaft 68isshown as a two-part member connected bya shiftable sleeve 110, (see 2,) -splined toy that member of said shaft which carries thebeveled gear, whereby it` is rotatable therewith and shift-able independently thereof. This sleeve is provided'withia curvedV slotor groove 112.v That member of the cam-shaft `68 which carries the cams is provided with a projection or roll 113, Workf ingin said groove 112. Intermediatesaid shiftable sleeve 110 andaxedmember or coll-ar114`on-1the shaft is a spring 115,. ef-

.fectiveto maintain the vshiftable sleeve in.

position topermit the normal running of the engine. On the shiftingV of said sleeve lby some suitable actuating means (not s'hownlf thecontrolling .member of which Will be adjacent to theV seat of the operator, it willbe seen that the cam-carrying member of the cam-shaft -will be rotated, owing tothepro- 4jection and curved groover connection. 112': and 113, andthereby reverse 'the movement the enginein the oppothe passage c, while'its Acompanion vpiston vforces vout such products through the passage 'd into the combustion-chamber 29 4and `from o f the cams and run site dlrection.

I desire to state that if desired one Set of` thecylinders may bedisconnected from' .the

-will be `seenfthatj'a other l set by some suitable" means; vwvyher'eby the passage" of the combustible.;material to .one coinbustionichamberi and the 'passage' of v"the atmospheric f yairland` compressed air Vheated .to one` airchamber will v'be2-'cut od'. vTh is result may .befaccom'plish'ed', 'if desired, by suitable 'eut-'oit yvalves disposed in'z-v the 'proper c oiidiiitsf' The z operation of this j improydfengine,

whenconstructed in the mannenhereinbe fore .l set foi tl 1',j is,substantiallyLjasL follows-p: 'wn' in Fig' open the atmospheric airvalvesflibyfsuctiom lthe' air being'-dratt'irintolthe 'air-chamber and from thence 'thiough the passage to the inner lside .off'theypiston' N o, 2, and' through passage a 'tothe "outer side oipiston No. 1..-"At the same' time'pstonNo. 1

in the opposite cylind'erofthis same set;

since -it isi-going 'inWardlye-will havethe' valve 23 in its piston-head open and. likewise.-

permit atmospheric air vdrawn through its' namely, the outer side ofpiston No. 2 vand the` innen "side 'of .piston lNo.V 11Willcompress explosive mixture previouslyl drawnin past the valve .81,'w`hich is :now closed, the

pistons continuing'to perform theirwwork,

'indicatedfor instance,}by the difgra'm Fig;

1 8.l During thisperiod pistons s. -3 vand 4, comprising the other set, will operate n a manner similar to-'that shown in .I4` igs.j14 ,V

15, 16, 17," and 18-'that is tol say, piston?) being lin the position. shown in Fig. 14 is about to move inwardly toward the inner end of lthe..piston-casing'. This inward lmovement is effected by vmeans of compressed air heatedadmtted at' this time by the valve 51,

which by means 'of the two-part' cam 90 is permitted to open, so that -compressedfair uheated passes vfrom the heating-tankft, through thenconduit 44, into the airchamber 25, and from thence throughthepassage a to' the outerend of piston 3', ajnd consequently rodto enter' the-cylinder. During this move-' e ment ofthe pistons the opposite sidesla through the passage b, tothe inner end of its companion piston 4,whereby by the action ofthiscompressedl air heated the piston 3v is forced inwardly 'nto. the position shown in Fig. 1-5, duringyvhiehinward movement; lit forces'out the productsof .combustion re snlting from-aprevious explosion throughy its cam 67, into the outer air.

thence through the exhaust-valve 61, .which has been opened by .its cam 80 at this time, (Fig. 14.) On the outward movement of piston 3 from the positionv shown in Fig. 15 to the .position shown in"Fig.' v16- the compressed air-heated, just previously admitted, is forced out by the Kpassage a, and by its companion piston,

,through the passage b into the air-chamber,

and from thence past the atmospheric-air valve 71, vwhich acts at this timeas an eX- haust-valve and is mechanically opened by (Fig. 15.) At the same time the combustibl -supply val-ve 81, Fig. 15', is opened by the suction created the piston 3 through by the pistons vand 'a supply ofI combustible' materi drawn into fthe combustion-chamber through the passage c to the inner side of v panion piston .piston 3, and throughpassage d to the outer .side of its companion'piston in readiness to be vvcompressed, whereby on the inward' movement of piston 3 from its position shown in Fig. 16 this explosive mixture will be com' pressed by through the chamber,

air-chamber through the passage a, the inner side lof the companion piston doing the same through the'passage Z7, the valve 23 in v -the piston-head of piston 3 being likewise :opened at thistime to permit the passage of air through the hollow piston-rod into thel cylinder. At this time, piston -3 hav-ing reached the positionshown in Fig. 17, where'- by the explosive.material is compressed as just lset forth, an yexplosiontakes place, the explosive gases of 4which act on 'the inner side of said piston -3 and the outer side of` its .comdpanion piston to force the former outwar and the latter inward, during which till-ne the piston 3 forces. the previously? drawn-in atmospheric air through passage a, 5

while ,its companion piston forces such air through passage?) past the valve 41 int-.o

the storage-tank -35, where it' is held under pressure, thereby completing a cycle of oper- Q ation, the piston 3 being again in the posiil tion Shown in Fig. 14 and 'in readiness to be again operated by the admission `of compressed-air heated.

this is-accomplished bythe compressed-air:

heated, which' 'acts in a. similar manner toI the explosive mixture when ignited. To acg eomplish :this lpurpose in an -et'ectivemanner, the reciprocatingsleeves 95 are shifted i bythe operator, whereby the'V movable mem 'f ber 92 of thel two-part cam 90 is so shifted :l

ltlia/t it will form with the fixed rmemberQl l of said cam a, pair of depressedspaces 100 and 101. By this operation one or the other 'of these -cam mechanisms will be so positioned that one or the other of the compressed -air valves will. be immediately vopened -by its spring, and .presuming in this instance that it is the compressed-air valvev -51 shown in connection with air-chamber 25 of pistons 3 and 4, it will be seen by referencetoligs. 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24. that said valve 51, having opened, compressed air heated is admitted to the air-chamber 25,

andfrom thence `through the passage a to the outer si e of piston 3, and through passage' b to 'the inner side of its companion piston, thereby forcing the .piston 3 in. Wardly, and consequently the Vother piston outwardly, the opposite sides of which act on the products of `combustion resulting from a previous explosion, and which have not been exhausted, to force the same out "through passages c and cl into the combustion-chamber, and thence pastthe exhaustvalve 61, Fi-g`.`20, which at this time is opened I by its cam. Atv this time if the `operator perceives that the engine will continue in operation,- an explosion in the other set of cylinders having been effected, the shiftable sleeve 95 -may be drawn back into position,

whereby the ordinary runnin-'g cycle will continue from thepoint y in Fig. 18. If, however, the engine is not suiiiciently started at this time, the sleeves 95 will be permitted to remain in their shifted positions, whereby on the return or outward stroke of piston?) from the position shown in Fig. 21 it will force out the compressed air heated through vthe passage a, while its companion piston will do the same through' the passage b and by the valve 71, which ismechanically A opened atthis time by its cam, into the open air. At the same time such piston 3 draws in explosive mixture past the valve 81 and through the passage c, while thev companion piston is doing the same through the passage d. On the inward movement of the pist-on' from the position shown in Fig. 22, which is Aeffected by compressed-air heated again admitted through the valve 51, since it will be remembered that the twopart cam. members 91.and 92 have been so adjusted, that the depressed portions 100 and 101 are operative twice during each cycle instead of once as in the ordinary runj ning cycle, the piston conipresses the ex- Presuming new that the engine has been@ stopped and it isdesired to -start vthe same, g

by the cam, which permits, during the ordii nai-y runningl cycle, the exhaustof such heated air, such oomprcssedfair in .this in-l lstance is exhausted by being forced into thestorage-,tank 35, past the valve 41, .the pressure ot' the pistons combined with' the expanding .pressure of the heateda'ir being greater than the coiupressedlair in the tank,-

so that said valve will be opened aga-inst the pressure of the air in the tank to permit the exhaust of .the compressed-air heated into said tank. When it is. found that the engine. is suiiiciently started the sleeves are shifted into their normall posit-ions.

From the foregoing it -ivill be seen that the engine is provided Witha self-starting mechanism involving tlieapplication of compressed-air heated, and-that such air is compressed by the pistons of the engines into the storage-tank and at the proper periodv is rendered more eiiiicient by yheating the saine by the utilization of the. exhaust prodiicts oft combustion, Which-would ordinarilyI go to waste, and that, turthermore, this compressed-air heated is admittedinto the cylinders at a time when such cylinders are in a heated condition owing to a previous explosion, so that its` efliciency is still materially i increased, whereby it is ettectiveyto act upon thepistons'to maintain the saine in opera`` tion intermediate the explosions. Moreover, by admitting the heated air into the same cylinder which has Just previously forced out atmospheric air it will be readily under stood that such atmospheric air as is necessarily let't may be utilized to perform Work.

Moreover, ity Will be seen vthat this com pressed-air heated in expanding against the cylinderlivalls previously used for an'eXplo-- `sion will aid in keeping them at a proper tem Jerature, so that theyjivill not need so muc i cooling, and thereby the apparatus gain in efiiciency, since ordinarily a great deal of the energy is carried oit' by the Water of the cooling-acket usually surroundingthe piston-chambers.

It will also be seen, in this organization, that at the time of the drawing-in of atmospheric air by the pistons the piston-cylf inders are the coolest, since this action of the f pistons is just previous to an explosiomso that the tendency of the cool air is to maintain 'the cylinder-walls against becoming too highly heated, it'being immaterial Whether the Walls are cool or notat this time, While when the compressed-air heated is admitted it is admitted ata time when the cylinders are the hottest', so that such heated air-con tinues to be expanded, thereby increasing the power and eiiiciency thereof.

In Aconclusion I desire tostate that by means of this organization I am able to provide an en ine small kin size buthaving an increased e ectiveness as compared With engines of larger size, whereby thev same can hiclesk @espe-'a be'eti'ectirely usedfor: propelling heavy ve-A e I desire to state that v the termcrank mechanism l" as `used 'in the claimsis 'to he interpreted to include any means to which motion may' be imparted vby the piston-rods, v 70 this term being'usedto' broadlycover any medilu'ii adapted-tobe connected ,ivitln'or' op; erated by, the pistons;

l-lavingdescribed my invention, l claiml L In a', y plurality ocylinders pistons Working there- 'in and connected with means tobe operated thereby, a iiuid 'chamberhaving communica" i -tion ivith said cylinders; and a combustion chamber in communication .iv-ith :one end ,otV one cylinderand theoppositel end oftheI other 1 cylinder so that `the pistons `move simultaneously in opposite directions under the pressure exerted by the 'esplosive charge'.v

f2-(The combination Witha pair ofcyliiiders; pistons Working therein and connected With-means 'to bel-operatedvtliereby'; an airA chamber in communication with one end of one cylinder andwith the opposit'efend of the other` cylinder, and a Ycombustion chamber in, communication 'iviththe other ends otthe fiistwylinderandwith' the 'first end of the vother cylinder." I

3. Thecombiiiation of a pair O-ylinders, a piston in each of said cylinders and connected with crank mechanismen airchainber communicating With both ofisaidcylin# 'ders to permit air underpressure'.- to .be

4simultaneously effective at one side oit' oney 'piston `and ,at theopposite side of the other piston, and a combustion chamber communieating with both of said' cylinders to permit .the pressure of 'explodedA material to vbe simultaneously effective at the other sides, of said piston.' i

, 4f. The combinationofapairof cylinders;

pistons Working therein and having rods connected Withcrank mechanism; an airchamber'in communicationliwith the puter end of one cylinder and with the inner endto the other sides 'of said pistons simulta- 1 neously. A

- .6. yThe combination of a pair ot cylinders; pistons .Working therein and connected with as lengine the combination of a 7b of tlieother cylinder; a combustion-chamber "in communication with the inner end 'of that crank mechanism; an air chamber located at one side of and 1n communication with both of said cylinders 'so that both pistons.

be operated in the opposite direction by the force of the explosive material.

7. 'lhecombinationof apair of cylinders;

pistons Working therein and having' rods connected wlth crank mechanism; al iiuldvchamber located at one side of. and in coml muni'cation with one end of'each of sai-d-E cylinders; and al combustion-chamber also located at one side of and 1n communlcatlon.

with.l those ends of both of said cylinders not in communication with the fluid chamber.v K

8. rllhe combination of a pair of cylinders;l

pistons working therein and having rods' connected with crank mechanism; a fluid-4 chamberv located at one side of. and in comp municaticn. with one end` of each ofisaidi cylinders by obliquely-located passages; and.`

a combustion-chamber also located at one side of and inl communication with those ends-of both of'said cylinders not-1n com i munication with thefl'uid chamber by ob-l,

liqnely-located: passages. 9. The combination 4of pistons Working therein and having rods connected With crank mechanism; af pair of chambers, one for the recept-ion of one powerprodueing material and: theother for one end of one of the, cylinders,- and the other in communication with the other end. of the same cylinder, `and theother in commimica-tion with, oneA end of theA other cylinder and the other in communication with the other end. of 'the' same cylinder; and means for con-trolling the operation of saidr cylinders. f l

10. The combina-tion of a pair ofleylinders; pistons working therein and having` v rods connected with crank mechanism;v a;

' opposite-emillot1 the other cylinder,.the com4 pair ofchambers 'one for the reception of; one poW-erprodueing material, and theother for the reception of' a different power producingl material, each in communica-tion Witlr one end of one cylinder and with the munication of one chamber with one= cylin- -der being at one end thereof, and the' com munication of the other chamber with4 the same cylinder being at the opposite end thereof; and meansfor controlling tlieloperation of said. clmmloers.v

l1. The combinationn of ai pair of cylinders; pistons Working therein and connected with crank mechanism; an-v air chamber inf communication With one end? of each off' said a4 pair of cylinders;A

the receptionf of a different power-'produc-l :cylinders; a combustion chamber in comf munication with the opposite end of each. of said cylinders; 4under ressure .to the air chamber; and means or supplying combustible material to fthe combustion chamber..

12. The combination: of a pair ot cylinders; pistonswork-ing: therein and having rods connected with crank mechanism; an air-chamber communicating with one end: of one cylinder and With the opposite end. of the other cylinder; a combustion-chamber lcommunicating with' one end of one cylinder` and with the opposite end of the other cylinder', the .organization bein such that. the air and combustible materia are etlectmeans for supplying air iveat. oppositeP sides ofthe same piston;

fthe a-ir and: combustible materia arexv eifect-` ivel at opposite sides of thesame piston; means 'for supplying exp-lesive material tio orsupplyln-g explosive material to ,v

said combustion-chamber; meansvpfor supf'- f plying1 air under pre'ssurertov said air-cham ing material, the-one 1n communicatlon withv having: i

one end i of one cylinder and with the oppositeI end ofl the 1- other cylinder a; combustionchainsl bei:` comrmmicating` With-'one' end; of one cylinder and with the opposite`l end` or the other cylinder thexor anization-fbeing such .that the air` and.- com ustible material areetectiyeat. opposite sides of the' same piston; means for' supplying;l explosivefmateriail' tiosagid combustionfchamber ;mean's for sup-- plying; air under' pressure to sa-i'di air=chamv ber; means. for` controlling' theY supply of suclr air to said@ airmhamber'and: means for introlli'ng the-exhaust of such; air theredens; pistons Working" therein and:l hwyin'g reds connected with crank mecha'msnr;

. ,'120` 1.5i- The combination or a paiirjof cylirrv g means for: supplying' air` undern pressure'to one sid-ef of one pi'stonhand'A to `the op m'te side of the other piston-1;.' means for supp lcombustible material' to. the o posite vsi eo l the first:4 piston and.' tez theo er-side ci the second piston andlmeans'v alternately operative for controlling the admission of such` air and combustible material; 4

16. Thev combination of a pair of 'cylin-v ders;y pistons' Aworking therein and lhaving rods connected -with crank mechanism;

yacombustion -chamber in communi-cationy l with. both-ofsa'id`cylinders; an air-chamber ,alsoL inv communication Withboth 'of said cylinders; and'- means for alternately admity., tin air under pressure. and 'combustible ina-` terialto the op osite ends of saidcylinders. .17. The com ination oi' a pair of ,cylinders; pistons Working therein and having --rod-s- Connected with crank 'mechanism;' 'an air-chamberv in communicationivith said cylinders adjacentto one endof one and the.y opposite. end of the other;'a combustionchamber i'ncommunication V1With said cylin- 'ders ladjacentto one end of one and the oppositeend of the other; and means alternately operative for controlling ,the admission of combustible material and'air under pressure t the opposite ends of said cylinders. 1,8.1The combination of a .pair of y cylinders; lpistons"irorkin therein. and having vrods` ,connected Wit i.. .crank mechanism; 'aniair-chanibe'r communicating .with oneend of one cylinder and with theopposite end of m'the other cylinder; a combustion-chamber communicating With .one end of one v,cylinder vai'idjvvi-.th the yopposite end of the .other cylinder, the organizationbeing such that lthe -air and combustible'material are eective at opposite sides of thesame piston; means for' 'supplying explosive .material to" saidv comamber; means for supplyin 'airl bustion-c y tosaid `air-chariiber;means for contro ling the sup ly f air toV the'air-chamber; Aand tibi controlling the supply of explosive material tothe Acombustion-chamber. `V i A19. The combination of a pairof cylinders; pistonsworking therein and having IUBRHS rods 'connected with crank mechanism; an air-chamber Vcoii'iinunicatin'g with one end of one cylinder and With the opposite end` ofrv the-'other cylinder; a combustion-'chamber communicating with one end of one cylinder andwith the opposite en d of the othercylinder, the organization being such' that the" air and combustible material are effective at opposite sides ofthe same piston; means iorl supplyingjexplosive material "to said-com v-bustion-chamber; means for supplying air to saidy air-chamber; means for controlling the supply of air to the air-chamber; meansv for controlling the supply of explosive .material to the combustion-chamber; means for controlling the exhaust of air'from said airchamber; 'andmeans for controlling the exhaust of thespent products o-combustion from said combustion-chamber.

20. A gas-engine comprising a air oi cyl- -4inders; a piston 1n each of said cy inders and having a connected With crank meehy l@aaa-ia?" anisin 'an air-chamber. communicating with bothA loi'said cylinders to iermit air under pressure tobe exerted simu taneously at one side of one'piston and' at theoppositeside ot thfeotlier piston; a combustion-chamber com-,

`inunicatii'ig With both of 'said cylinders to ermit the ressure of exploded material to exerted simultaneously at one side of one .piston and at the 'opposite side `ofthe other piston, tli'e-organization-being such that the air and combustible material 'are effective atV opposite sides of the same' `mechanism lalternately. operative to lcontrol the admission of air underpre'ssure and expiston valve .plosive material; and valve lmechanism a1- ternately operative yto controlvthe exhaust of .such air and .thespent products-of combustion.;V 21.` A gas-engine comprising a pair of cylinders gy apiston iii-each of said cylinders and `having' a rod. connected .with .crank mechanism; an air-chamber communicating With both of said cylindersin such manner that.

the 'air funder .pressure will be exerted .at onek sidelof. one 4,piston andjat the opposite lside of the other -'pistonsimultaneously; a combustion-chamber communicating With' both of lsaid cylinders. in such-manner that the pressureof exploded -Iniaterial will be.

'exerted at one side oi one piston and at the opposite side of the other pistonsimult-aneously, theorganization being such that the yair and combustible material are effective at opposite sidespf the same piston ;i`neans `for controlling the admission of air under pressure to said air-chamber; means for controlling the admission of combustiblematerial to the vcombustion-cham-ber and meansv for vigniting said combustible material in the com-V bustion-chamber.l t l n Q2. A, gas-engine 'comprising av'pair of cylinders; a ypiston ineach of 'said cylinders 'and' having a rod connected withy crank mechanism; an air-chamber communicating..

with both of said cylinders to perinit air under pressure to befexerted at ,one side'of "one piston and at the opposite side of the other 'piston' simultaneously; 1a combustionv cylinders to permit the prcssureof exploded material to be exertedat--one side of one pis- `ton and at the opposite side of-lthe other piston simultaneously, the organization-be- "chambei" communicating with both-oi said. .f

ing such that the air and combustible may.

terial are* effective at opposite sidesof the same piston; means for controlling the admission of air under-pressure-to said air- .chainber; means for controliiiig the exhaust 

